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The New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS) is a national, registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization “dedicated to ending the use of animals in research, testing, and science education” and replacing them with "modern alternatives that are ethically, humanely, and scientifically superior."〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=New England Anti-Vivisection Society )〕 == History == The New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS) was founded in 1895 in Boston, Massachusetts, in response to the migration of European vivisection practices to the United States. In 1871, Professor Henry Ingersoll Bowditch established the first U.S. vivisection lab at Harvard Medical School, inciting concern from Edward Clement, editor-in-chief of the Boston Evening Transcript, which subsequently ran a series of anti-vivisection editorials. In 1890 George Angell and the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA) held an essay contest entitled “Why I Am Against Vivisection.” The winner of the contest, Joseph Greene of Dorchester, Massachusetts, later reached out to lawyer and doctor Philip Peabody, one of the contest judges, with the idea of forming an anti-vivisection society. Peabody agreed, and Greene began organizing a number of Boston’s influential individuals. The first NEAVS meeting was held at Peabody’s house on March 30, 1895, and the first office was opened at 179A Tremont St. in Boston on Sep. 12 of the same year, with Peabody serving as NEAVS president. When Clement became president in 1911, his journalistic expertise boosted both public awareness of vivisection and membership in the organization. Author Cleveland Amory was NEAVS president from 1987 until 1998.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t5NGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v-kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4734,3494852&dq=cleveland-amory+aneurysm&hl=en )〕 He has been described as "the founding father of the modern animal protection movement.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080905042011/http://www.hsus.org/press_and_publications/press_releases/making_burros_fly__cleveland_amory_biography.html )〕 In anticipation of his retirement, Amory appointed a nominating committee that chose psychologist and former NEAVS board member, Theodora Capaldo, EdD, to succeed him. She was elected NEAVS’ first woman president in 1998 and continues to hold the position (Amory died unexpectedly later that same year). Capaldo and her newly elected board of directors came with extensive animal protection and animal rights experience and have included individuals with medical, veterinary, psychology, mental health, sociology, and legal credentials, such as Sarah Luick, Esq., a founding member of the Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Board of Directors )〕 Under Capaldo, the board and staff have developed and implemented a succession of new and effective strategies with which to achieve the organization’s sole mission of ending the use of animals in science and replacing them with non-animal and scientifically superior alternatives. Highlights of those programs include campaigning to end the use in research of the first nonhuman species, chimpanzees – human’s closest genetic relative (Project R&R: Release and Restitution for Chimpanzees in U.S. Laboratories); ending the use of terminal dog labs at the first veterinary school in the country, a curriculum shift later followed by other schools; and, most recently, reaching out to and incorporating other social movements into the animal protection movement. Examples include support for women doing research that does not involve animals and is aimed at understanding, among other things, sex differences’ effect on biomedical research results as well as the implications of such differences for the use of other species to extrapolate animal data to human health; and environmentalism through investigation of the serious and detrimental environmental impact that the use and disposal of millions of animals used in research, testing, and education has on the environment (women and the environment are the core of NEAVS’ current Common Ground campaign).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Brief History of NEAVS )〕 NEAVS’ philosophy emphasizes: that the use of animals in research, testing, and education is unscientific, as shown in numerous studies, and is unnecessary due to the availability of and continuing development of alternatives that yield results superior to animal use; and that the humane and ethical arguments against the suffering and death of millions of animals in labs each year has never been stronger given how modern science shows animal use has limitations, dangers, and is little or no benefit to human health.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Brief History of NEAVS )〕 Today, NEAVS continues its work through public outreach, education, legislation and policy change, supporting animal sanctuaries, and funding the development of alternatives to animals in research and science education.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Avenues of Advocacy: An Overview )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New England Anti-Vivisection Society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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